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GralbundGralbund, Catholic conservative association of writers, founded in 1905 in Vienna by R. v. Kralik und F. X. Eichert, later also active in Germany, aimed at a cultural renewal in accordance with Christian principles. Members of the Gralbund included K. Domanig, E. Handel-Mazzetti, E. Hlatky, A. Innerkofler. Its monthly journal "Gral" (German for "grail", 1905 - 1937) engaged in a long-lasting controversy with the progressive magazine "Hochland" (German for "highland"), which took up the views of modern movements in art and literature; the controversy was settled in 1911 by a papal brief. Literature: R. Allram, Studien zum katholischen Literaturstreit "Gral" - "Hochland", doctoral thesis, Vienna 1956; B. Doppler, Katholische Literatur und Literaturpolitik. E. v. Handel-Mazzetti, 1980.
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