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Kautsky, Karl
© Copyright Karl Kautsky, photo Kautsky, Karl, b. Prague (Czech Republic), Oct. 16, 1854, d. Amsterdam (Netherlands), Oct. 17, 1938, leading theoretician of Marxism, socialist writer, interpreted the works of K. Marx, and published his writings; father of Benedikt Kautsky; came to Vienna in 1875, went to Zurich in 1880 and to London in 1881 (secretary of F. Engels). Founded the Marxist review "Die neue Zeit" (1883-1917) and was the main author of the Erfurt programme of the German Social Democrats. Returned to Vienna in 1920, emigrated to the Netherlands in 1938. Works: K. Marx´ ökonom. Lehren, 1887; F. Engels, 1987; Das Erfurter Programm, 1892; Die Vorläufer des neueren Sozialismus, 2 vols., 1895; Demokratie oder Diktatur, 1918; Die Internationale, 1920; Die proletar. Revolution und ihr Programm, 1922; Die materialist. Geschichtsauffassung, 2 vols., 1927; Krieg der Demokratie, 1932; Erinnerungen und Erörterungen, ed. K. Benedikt, 1960. Literature: K. Renner, K. K., 1929; W. Blumenberg, K. K. literar. Werk, 1960; M. L. Salvadori, Sozialismus und Demokratie. K. K. 1880-1938, 1982; J. Rojahn, T. Schelz and H. J. Steinberg (eds.), Marxismus und Demokratie. K. K. Bedeutung in der sozialist. Arbeiterbewegung, 1992.
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